Journal: eLife

Article Title: Interleukin-1 prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced membrane fusion to restrict viral transmission via induction of actin bundles

doi: 10.7554/eLife.98593

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Antibody , Rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to MERS-CoV S2 antibody , Sino Biological , Cat:40070-T62 , WB (1:1000).

Techniques: Purification, In Vitro, In Vivo, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activation Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Development and characterization of two equine formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins for the potential treatment of COVID-19

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89242-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: SDS-PAGE analysis of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant proteins. Lane 1: S1; Lane 2: N; Lane 3: SEM mosaic; Lane 4: RBD. Samples (5 µg) were loaded in a 4–20% polyacrylamide gradient gel in the presence of SDS and run under non-reducing conditions. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein (code REC31828), SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (code REC31812), and SARS-CoV-2 Spike E-M mosaic protein (code REC31829) were purchased from The Native Antigen Company (Oxford, United Kingdom).

Techniques: SDS Page, Recombinant, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Development and characterization of two equine formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins for the potential treatment of COVID-19

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89242-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunoreactivity profile of anti-S1 and anti-Mix formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 recombinant proteins. ( a ) ELISA antibody response of anti-S1 formulation, anti-Mix formulation, and normal equine immunoglobulin preparation (NEI) towards S1, N, SEM mosaic, and RBD. Samples against S1 and N proteins were assessed at a 1/1000 dilution, and samples against SEM mosaic and RBD were assessed at a 1/500 dilution. Absorbances were recorded at 492 nm. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. A comparison was made between groups by immunogen. Different letters indicate a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). ( b ) Western blot analysis of anti-S1 and anti-Mix formulations towards S1, N, and RBD. Lanes 1–3: immunoreactivity of anti-S1 formulation; Lanes 4–6: immunoreactivity of anti-Mix formulation; Lanes 1 and 4: S1 protein; Lanes 2 and 5: N protein; Lanes 3 and 6: RDB.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein (code REC31828), SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (code REC31812), and SARS-CoV-2 Spike E-M mosaic protein (code REC31829) were purchased from The Native Antigen Company (Oxford, United Kingdom).

Techniques: Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Formulation, Comparison, Western Blot

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Development and characterization of two equine formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins for the potential treatment of COVID-19

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89242-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 virus by anti-S1 and anti-Mix formulations and human convalescent plasma (Anti-COVID-CP). Samples were serially diluted and their neutralization ability was assessed by a Plaque Reduction Neutralization (PRNT) assay over Vero cells. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates. ED 50 (95% CI), based on the ability of the preparations to neutralize 50% of the virus was 1:29,108 (1:26,885–1:31,643), 1:25,355 (1:22,659–1:58,594), and 1:339 (1:295–1:386) for anti-S1 formulation, anti-Mix formulation and human convalescent plasma, respectively.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein (code REC31828), SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (code REC31812), and SARS-CoV-2 Spike E-M mosaic protein (code REC31829) were purchased from The Native Antigen Company (Oxford, United Kingdom).

Techniques: In Vitro, Neutralization, Virus, Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test, Formulation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Development and characterization of two equine formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins for the potential treatment of COVID-19

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89242-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine IgG-mediated activation of human FcγRs. 1: anti-S1 formulation; 2: anti-Mix formulation; 3: anti-SARS-CoV-2 human convalescent plasma pool; 4: Normal equine immunoglobulin preparation (NEI). Plates were coated with 1 µg/well of N and S1 proteins and were incubated with 20 mg/dL of immunoglobulin preparations. BW:FcγRIIIA-ζ transfectants (BW5147 thymoma cells expressing the extracellular portion of human FcγR FcγRIIIA fused to the mouse CD3 ζ–chain) were used. Absorbance was recorded at 450 nm and corresponds to the measurement of mIL-2 by ELISA. Experiments were performed in triplicate and expressed as mean ± SD. A comparison was made between groups by immunogen. Letters indicate statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein (code REC31828), SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (code REC31812), and SARS-CoV-2 Spike E-M mosaic protein (code REC31829) were purchased from The Native Antigen Company (Oxford, United Kingdom).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Formulation, Incubation, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids

Article Title: A model system for antiviral siRNA therapeutics using exosome-based delivery.

doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Expression of viral antigens in vitro Expression constructs were delivered to HEK293T cells via EPM nanoplatform. Antigens introduced included the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein (A), the nucleocapsid (N) (B), and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (C). Expression of antigens was detected by western blot, and b-actin was used as a loading control. (D) Dose response of S1 expression, varying exosomal load, and pDNA payload after 48 h incubation. Fold change is indicated as compared to 75 mg exosomes, 40 mg PEI, and 1.5 mg pDNA, the selected standard reaction. The samples shown are pooled biological triplicates undergoing single replicate analysis. (E) Time course of N expression using the standard reaction. The blot shown is representative of 3 biological replicates analyzed individually. Fold change shown with respect to expression level after 12 h. (F) Time course of S1 expression using the standard reaction. The blot shown is representative of 3 biological replicates. Fold change shown with respect to expression level after 12 h. Data expression as means ± SDs for at least 3 biological replicates and significance determined by 1-way ANOVA with post-hoc comparison of all means to EPM-pDNA for target antigen alone (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Two different primary antibodies for the spike glycoprotein were obtained from Sino Biological, one polyclonal and one monoclonal antibody.

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Construct, Western Blot, Control, Incubation, Comparison